Proyekto Sa Araling Panlipunan (Ika-apat na Markahan) Mga Miyembro ng Gabinete

Paquito Ochoa Jr.

Edwin Lacierda

Alberto Romulo
Cesar Purisima
Leila de Lima

Voltaire Gazmin
Cayetano Paderanga

Br. Armin Luistro

Florencio Abad
Rep. Proceso Alcala
Ramon Paje

Jose de Jesus

Rosalinda Baldoz
Dr. Enrique Ona
Gregory Domingo
Alberto Lim
Corazon Soliman

Mario Montejo
Jose Almendras
Rogelio Singson

Virgilio delos Reyes

=       Executive Secretary

=       Presidential Spokesperson
=       Foreign Affairs

=       Finance

=       Justice

=       National Defense

=       National Economic       Development Authority
=       Education

=       Budget and Management
=       Agriculture
=       Environment and Natural       Resources
=       Transportation and        Communication
=       Labor and Employment
=       Health
=       Trade and Industry
=       Tourism
=       Social Welfare and       Development
=       Science and Technology
=       Energy
=       Public Works and         Highways

=       Agrarian Reform

Mga Halimbawa ng Tayutay

Simil

1.  Si Leanne ay parang pagong kung kumilos.

2.  Kasing kinis ng porselana ang kutis niya.

3.  Tila yelong natutunaw si Bea nang tinitigan siya ni Mario.

4.  Kasing puti ng kalapati ang buhok ng lola ni Kaye.

5.  Parang maamong tupa si Jun kapag nakagalitan.

Metapora

1.  Si Paolo ay isang anghel.

2.  Ang ngipin niya ay perlas.

3.  Ang kotse niya ay kabayong sasakyan.

4.  Siya ay isang bituin sa langit.

5.  Isa siyang bulaklak sa hardin.

Personipikasyon

1.  Hinabol ako ng mga alon sa dagat.

2.  Yumuko ang mga kawayan sa pagihip ng hangin.

3.  Bumulong sa akin ang hangin.

4.  Umaawit ang mga ibon sa punong kahoy.

5.  Kumindat ang mga bituin sa akin.

Hiperbole

1.  Naligo si Kmart sa laway ni Kenth.

2.  Kumain ng kabayo si Blanche dahil sa gutom.

3.  Naghintay ng isang taon si Yeti bago nakakain.

4.  Nilabhan niya ang isang bundok na labada.

5.  Sumabog ang dibdib niya sa galit.

Oksimoron

1.  Natuwa si Chantal  nang inatake si Alvin sa puso.

2.  Nagalit si Alyssa nang manalo sa paligsahan.

3.  Lumindol kaya siya nagdidiwang.

4.  Nagluluksa si Reid nang nanganak si Tamara.

5.  Nagsasaya sila dahil nasunog ang bahay nila.

Metonimiya

1.  Siya ang ilaw sa aking buhay.

2.  Ang lahat ng ito ay bigay ng nasa itaas.

3.  Siya ang haligi ang aming pamilya.

4.  Sinagot ng Ama ang aking dasal.

5.  Ang anhel sa kanilang tahanan ay isang malusog na sanggol. 

Eksklamasyon

1.  Naku po! Nawala ang pitaka ko.

2.  Sunog! Sunog!

3.  Wow! Ang ganda dito

4.  Yehey! Pupunta kami ng Baguio.

5.  Mabuhay ang bagong kasal!

Aliterasyon

1.  Mabait at matulungin si Maya.

2.  Dala-dala ni Dana ang dakot ng basura.

3.  Napalo ni Nana kaya nanakit ang tuhod niya.

4.  Pagod si Paolo dahil sa paglalakad mula sa paaralan.

5.  Binili ni Bianca ang tindang bibingka ni Ben.

Asonansiya

1.  Bumili si Beboy ng tikoy sa tindahan ni Popoy.

2.  Mahalaga sa kanya ang pamilya niya.

3.  Umaasa ang masa sa hustisya.

4.  Sumama ang ama ni Mama sa amin.

5.  Ako ay sasali sa paligsahan sa pagandahan at kantahan.

Pangitain

1.  Bukas, magaganap ang pinakahihintay ng lahat.

2.  Sa susunod, ako naman ang sasambahin.

3.  Pupuntahan ko ang bawat sulok ng mundo.

4.  Matutupad ang lahat ng mimithi mo.

5.  Sa susunod na taon, ako’y yayamin at titingalain.

Guyabano (Annona muricata L.) Fruit Juice as a Possible Cure for Schistosomiasis

Introduction
    
   Background of Study

            Scarcity of information is not a hindrance to discover medicine to a disease.

            Schistosomiasis (also known as bilharzia, bilharziosis or snail fever) is a parasitic diseasecaused by several species of tremotodes, a parasitic worm of the genus Schistosoma.( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schistosomiasis)

            It is estimated that 200 million people worldwide are infected with the snail-transmitted, water-borne parasitic helminth, and that 20, 000 deaths are associated with the severe consequences of infection, including bladder cancer or renal failure (Schistosoma haematobium) and liver fibrosis and portal hypertension (S. mansoni). (http://www.who.int/vaccine_research/diseases/soa_parasitic/en/index5.html)

            It penetrates the human skin after cercaria have attached to and explored the skin. The parasite secretes enzymes that break down the skin's protein to enable penetration of the cercarial head through the skin. As the cercaria penetrates the skin it transforms into a migrating schistosomulum stage. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schistosomiasis) The usual victims of this disease are residents of remote rice-farming villages of Sorsogon, Leyte, Samar, Bohol and Mindanao.

            There are classifications of schistoma. The schistoma that can affect humans are: Schistoma mansoni and Schistosoma intercalatum that can cause intestinal schistosomiasis, Schistosoma haematobium causes urinary schistosomiasis and Schistosoma japonicum  and Schistosoma mekongi can cause Asian intestinal schistosomiasis. The species of Schistosoma that can infect other animals. These are S. bovis normally infects cattle, sheep and goats in Africa, parts of Southern Europe and the Middle East S. mattheei normally infects cattle, sheep and goats in Central and Southern Africa S. margrebowiei normally infects antelope, buffalo and waterbuck in Southern and Central Africa S. curassoni normally infects domestic ruminants in West Africa and S. rodhaini normally infects rodents and carnivores in parts of Central Africa.( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schistosomiasis)

            Taking oral doses of praziquantel is the primary treatment. But then it has side effects. Some of these are abdominal pains with or without nausea and vomiting, lower back pain and fever. It can also affect the Central Nervous System.         Another treatment is taking metrifonate which is now not commercially available.

            Guyabano, also known as Soursop, is a fruit from the Guyabano tree. It contains high amount of carbohydrates and considerable amounts of Vitamins C, B1, B2, Potassium, and dietary fiber. Studies have been conducted on the capability of Guyabano to prevent cancer. The decoction of Guyabano leaves is used to reduce fever.  In older times, Guyabano fruit is used as antioxidant.

            The minerals and vitamins present in the Guyabano fruit juice could help in eliminating the schistosoma eggs. Also, it has anthelmintic property. Thus, making the Guyabano fruit juice a potential medicine for this disease.

Research Objectives/Problems

            This study seeks to find out the medical property of Guyabano fruit juice. Specifically, it aims to accomplish the following:

1.      Test the effectiveness of samples fruit juice against Schistosomiasis

2.      Find out the medical property of Guyabano fruit juice.

3.      Seek the significant difference between the effects of the variables.

4.      Determine the liters of Guyabano fruit juice to be used.

a.       1 liter

b.      1.5 liter

c.       2 liters

Null Hypotheses

            The researcher formulated the following hypotheses as response to the research objectives:

1.      There is no effectiveness of the samples’ fruit juice extracts against Schistosomiasis.

2.      There is no medical property of Guyabano fruit juice.

3.      There is no significant difference between the variables.

4.      Objective 4 has equivalent hypothesis.